scrapy通过css和xpath抓取内容调试

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近日使用爬虫scrapy，过程中需要用到对于信息的提取，进行总结，以备后查。

安装scrapy

  • 使用pip install scrapy
  • 注意：过程中有可能存在twist安装出现问题，可以通过百度查找，因为距离当时安装有一段时间了，忘记怎么填坑的了，貌似是通过下载wheel包，手动安装的。

初始化scrapy并创建项目

  • 暂时不总结

测试并进行采集

  • 主要是记录几个规则
  • 抓取页面
    • scrapy shell http://news.nankai.edu.cn/ywsd/index.shtml
  • 抓取内容
    • 抓取css内容中以某些字符开始的href
    • response.css('.cms_block_span a[href^="http://news."]::attr(href)').extract()
    • 抓取xpath内容，xpth可以同chrome浏览器右键得的xpath,直接复制可以。
    • response.xpath('//*[@id=\"root\"]/table[3]/tbody/tr/td[1]/table[2]/tbody/tr[1]/td//text()').extract_first()
    • 抓取xpath内容内部图片的地址。如果是内容,则直接在地址后加//text,如果为img的src，则为//img/@src
    • response.xpath('//*[@id=\"root\"]/table[3]/tbody/tr/td[1]/table[2]/tbody/tr[3]//img/@src').extract()
    • 下面几个有代表意义的参考

备注用到的几个规则记录

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"methods": {
  "nankai": {
    "info": "南开大学",
    "enable": true,
    "urls": {
      "http://news.nankai.edu.cn/qqxy/index.shtml": true,
      "http://news.nankai.edu.cn/nkyw/index.shtml": false,
      "http://news.nankai.edu.cn/zhxw/index.shtml": false
    },
    "crawls": {
      "newslist": {
        "sel": "css",
        "selstr": ".news a::attr(href)",
        "seltype": "extract"
      },
      "title": {
        "sel": "css",
        "selstr": "title::text",
        "seltype": "extract_first"
      },
      "content": {
        "sel": "css",
        "selstr": ".news-content",
        "seltype": "extract_first"
      },
      "imgs": {
        "sel": "css",
        "selstr": ".news-content img::attr(src)",
        "seltype": "extract"
      },
      "tags": [
        "南开",
        "南开大学",
        "nankai.info"
      ],
      "categories": [
        "南开大学",
        "nankai.info"
      ]
    },
    "posts": {
      "api_nf": true
    }
  },
  "cumt": {
    "info": "中国矿业大学",
    "enable": true,
    "urls": {
      "http://xwzx.cumt.edu.cn/513/list.htm": false,
      "http://xwzx.cumt.edu.cn/521/list.htm": false,
      "http://xwzx.cumt.edu.cn/523/list.htm": true
    },
    "crawls": {
      "newslist": {
        "sel": "css",
        "selstr": ".wp_article_list a::attr(href)",
        "seltype": "extract"
      },
      "title": {
        "sel": "css",
        "selstr": "title::text",
        "seltype": "extract_first"
      },
      "content": {
        "sel": "css",
        "selstr": ".wp_articlecontent",
        "seltype": "extract_first"
      },
      "imgs": {
        "sel": "css",
        "selstr": ".wp_articlecontent img::attr(src)",
        "seltype": "extract"
      },
      "tags": [
        "矿大",
        "中国矿业大学",
        "cumt",
        "cumt.net.cn"
      ],
      "categories": [
        "中国矿业大学",
        "cumt.net.cn"
      ]
    },
    "posts": [
      "api_nf"
    ]
  },
  "hrbeu": {
    "info": "哈尔滨工程大学",
    "enable": true,
    "urls": {
      "http://gongxue.cn/news/ShowClass.asp?ClassID=4383": false,
      "http://gongxue.cn/news/ShowClass.asp?ClassID=4315": true
    },
    "crawls": {
      "newslist": {
        "sel": "css",
        "selstr": ".wenzhangzhengwen a::attr(href)",
        "seltype": "extract"
      },
      "title": {
        "sel": "css",
        "selstr": "title::text",
        "seltype": "extract_first"
      },
      "content": {
        "sel": "css",
        "selstr": ".wenzhangzhengwen",
        "seltype": "extract_first"
      },
      "imgs": {
        "sel": "css",
        "selstr": ".wenzhangzhengwen img::attr(src)",
        "seltype": "extract"
      },
      "tags": [
        "哈工程",
        "哈尔滨工程大学",
        "hrbeu",
        "hrbeu.com.cn"
      ],
      "categories": [
        "哈尔滨工程大学",
        "hrbeu.com.cn"
      ]
    },
    "posts": [
      "api_nf"
    ]
  },
  "sicau": {
    "info": "四川农业大学",
    "enable": true,
    "urls": {
      "https://news.sicau.edu.cn/syzd.htm": true,
      "https://news.sicau.edu.cn/syxw.htm": true
    },
    "crawls": {
      "newslist": {
        "sel": "css",
        "selstr": ".mar_10 a::attr(href)",
        "seltype": "extract"
      },
      "title": {
        "sel": "css",
        "selstr": "h1::text",
        "seltype": "extract_first"
      },
      "content": {
        "sel": "css",
        "selstr": ".v_news_content",
        "seltype": "extract_first"
      },
      "imgs": {
        "sel": "css",
        "selstr": ".v_news_content img::attr(src)",
        "seltype": "extract"
      },
      "tags": [
        "川农大",
        "四川农业大学",
        "sicau",
        "sicau.com.cn"
      ],
      "categories": [
        "四川农业大学",
        "sicau.com.cn"
      ]
    },
    "posts": [
      "api_nf"
    ]
  },
  "utibet": {
    "info": "西藏大学",
    "enable": false,
    "urls": {
      "http://www.utibet.edu.cn/news/article_3_5_0.html": true
    },
    "crawls": {
      "newslist": {
        "sel": "css",
        "selstr": "#right table a::attr(href)",
        "seltype": "extract"
      },
      "title": {
        "sel": "xpath",
        "selstr": "//*[@id=\"right\"]/div[2]/table/tr[1]/td/div[2]//text()",
        "seltype": "extract_first"
      },
      "content": {
        "sel": "xpath",
        "selstr": "//*[@id=\"right\"]/div[2]/div",
        "seltype": "extract_first"
      },
      "imgs": {
        "sel": "xpath",
        "selstr": "//*[@id=\"right\"]/div[2]/div//img/@src",
        "seltype": "extract"
      },
      "tags": [
        "藏大",
        "西藏大学",
        "utibet",
        "utibet.com.cn"
      ],
      "categories": [
        "西藏大学",
        "utibet.com.cn"
      ],
      "posts": [
        "api_nf"
      ]
    },
    "posts": [
      "api_nf"
    ]
  },
  "tijmu": {
    "info": "天津医科大学",
    "enable": true,
    "urls": {
      "http://www.tmu.edu.cn/132/list.htm": true
    },
    "crawls": {
      "newslist": {
        "sel": "css",
        "selstr": "#newslist table a::attr(href)",
        "seltype": "extract"
      },
      "title": {
        "sel": "css",
        "selstr": "title::text",
        "seltype": "extract_first"
      },
      "content": {
        "sel": "css",
        "selstr": ".Article_Content",
        "seltype": "extract_first"
      },
      "imgs": {
        "sel": "css",
        "selstr": ".Article_Content img::attr(src)",
        "seltype": "extract"
      },
      "tags": [
        "天津医大",
        "天津医科大学",
        "tijmu",
        "tijmu.com.cn",
        "tijmu.cc"
      ],
      "categories": [
        "天津医科大学",
        "tijmu.com.cn",
        "tijmu.cc"
      ]
    },
    "posts": [
      "api_nf"
    ]
  },
  "tjutcm": {
    "info": "天津中医药大学",
    "enable": true,
    "urls": {
      "http://news13.tjutcm.edu.cn/erji.jsp?urltype=tree.TreeTempUrl&wbtreeid=1526": true
    },
    "crawls": {
      "newslist": {
        "sel": "css",
        "selstr": "a[class=\"c42389\"]::attr(href)",
        "seltype": "extract"
      },
      "title": {
        "sel": "css",
        "selstr": ".titlestyle42391::text",
        "seltype": "extract_first"
      },
      "content": {
        "sel": "css",
        "selstr": "#vsb_newscontent",
        "seltype": "extract_first"
      },
      "imgs": {
        "sel": "css",
        "selstr": "#vsb_newscontent img::attr(src)",
        "seltype": "extract"
      },
      "tags": [
        "天中",
        "天津中医药大学",
        "tjutcm",
        "tjutcm.com.cn"
      ],
      "categories": [
        "天津中医药大学",
        "tjutcm.com.cn"
      ]
    },
    "posts": [
      "api_nf"
    ]
  },
  "shutcm": {
    "info": "上海中医药大学",
    "enable": true,
    "urls": {
      "https://www.shutcm.edu.cn/221/list.htm": true,
      "http://www.shutcm.edu.cn/xykx/list.htm": true
    },
    "crawls": {
      "newslist": {
        "sel": "css",
        "selstr": ".column-news-title a::attr(href)",
        "seltype": "extract"
      },
      "title": {
        "sel": "css",
        "selstr": "title::text",
        "seltype": "extract_first"
      },
      "content": {
        "sel": "css",
        "selstr": ".wp_articlecontent",
        "seltype": "extract_first"
      },
      "imgs": {
        "sel": "css",
        "selstr": ".wp_articlecontent img::attr(src)",
        "seltype": "extract"
      },
      "tags": [
        "上中医",
        "上海中医药大学",
        "shutcm",
        "shutcm.com.cn"
      ],
      "categories": [
        "上海中医药大学",
        "shutcm.com.cn"
      ]
    },
    "posts": [
      "api_nf"
    ]
  },
  "nwsuaf": {
    "info": "西北农林科技大学",
    "enable": true,
    "urls": {
      "https://news.nwsuaf.edu.cn/xnxw/index.htm": true
    },
    "crawls": {
      "newslist": {
        "sel": "css",
        "selstr": ".lb01 a::attr(href)",
        "seltype": "extract"
      },
      "title": {
        "sel": "css",
        "selstr": "title::text",
        "seltype": "extract_first"
      },
      "content": {
        "sel": "css",
        "selstr": "#work",
        "seltype": "extract_first"
      },
      "imgs": {
        "sel": "css",
        "selstr": "#work img::attr(src)",
        "seltype": "extract"
      },
      "tags": [
        "西农",
        "西北农林",
        "西北农林科技大学",
        "nwsuaf",
        "nwsuaf.cc"
      ],
      "categories": [
        "西北农林科技大学",
        "nwsuaf.cc"
      ]
    },
    "posts": [
      "api_nf"
    ]
  },
  "shsmu": {
    "info": "上海交通大学医学院",
    "enable": true,
    "urls": {
      "https://www.shsmu.edu.cn/news/xyyw.htm": true
    },
    "crawls": {
      "newslist": {
        "sel": "css",
        "selstr": "#s65872874_content table a::attr(href)",
        "seltype": "extract"
      },
      "title": {
        "sel": "css",
        "selstr": ".mod_font08.mod_bold.mod_align::text",
        "seltype": "extract_first"
      },
      "content": {
        "sel": "css",
        "selstr": "#article_content",
        "seltype": "extract_first"
      },
      "imgs": {
        "sel": "css",
        "selstr": "#article_content img::attr(src)",
        "seltype": "extract"
      },
      "tags": [
        "上海交大医学院",
        "上海交通大学医学院",
        "shsmu",
        "shsmu.cc"
      ],
      "categories": [
        "上海交通大学医学院",
        "shsmu.cc"
      ]
    },
    "posts": [
      "api_nf"
    ]
  },
  "swjtu": {
    "info": "西南交通大学",
    "enable": true,
    "urls": {
      "https://news.swjtu.edu.cn/showlist-82.shtml": true
    },
    "crawls": {
      "newslist": {
        "sel": "css",
        "selstr": ".detail__list__1.body__left__list a::attr(href)",
        "seltype": "extract"
      },
      "title": {
        "sel": "css",
        "selstr": ".article h1::text",
        "seltype": "extract_first"
      },
      "content": {
        "sel": "css",
        "selstr": ".article .content14",
        "seltype": "extract_first"
      },
      "imgs": {
        "sel": "css",
        "selstr": ".article .content14 img::attr(src)",
        "seltype": "extract"
      },
      "tags": [
        "西南交大",
        "西南交通大学",
        "swjtu",
        "swjtu.cc"
      ],
      "categories": [
        "西南交通大学",
        "swjtu.cc"
      ]
    },
    "posts": [
      "api_nf"
    ]
  },
  "njust": {
    "info": "南京理工大学",
    "enable": true,
    "urls": {
      "http://zs.njust.edu.cn/zhywx/list.htm": true
    },
    "crawls": {
      "newslist": {
        "sel": "css",
        "selstr": ".wp_article_list a::attr(href)",
        "seltype": "extract"
      },
      "title": {
        "sel": "css",
        "selstr": ".arti_title::text",
        "seltype": "extract_first"
      },
      "content": {
        "sel": "css",
        "selstr": ".wp_articlecontent",
        "seltype": "extract_first"
      },
      "imgs": {
        "sel": "css",
        "selstr": ".wp_articlecontent img::attr(src)",
        "seltype": "extract"
      },
      "tags": [
        "南理工",
        "南京理工大学",
        "njust",
        "njust.cc"
      ],
      "categories": [
        "南京理工大学",
        "njust.cc"
      ]
    },
    "posts": [
      "api_nf"
    ]
  },
  "sufe": {
    "info": "上海财经大学",
    "enable": true,
    "urls": {
      "http://news.sufe.edu.cn/179/list.htm": true
    },
    "crawls": {
      "newslist": {
        "sel": "css",
        "selstr": "#wp_news_w69 a::attr(href)",
        "seltype": "extract"
      },
      "title": {
        "sel": "css",
        "selstr": ".arti-title::text",
        "seltype": "extract_first"
      },
      "content": {
        "sel": "css",
        "selstr": ".wp_articlecontent",
        "seltype": "extract_first"
      },
      "imgs": {
        "sel": "css",
        "selstr": ".wp_articlecontent img::attr(src)",
        "seltype": "extract"
      },
      "tags": [
        "上财",
        "上海财经大学",
        "sufe",
        "sufe.cc"
      ],
      "categories": [
        "上海财经大学",
        "sufe.cc"
      ]
    },
    "posts": [
      "api_nf"
    ]
  }
}